基于点对点通信的分布式实时控制技术

对智能电网、清洁能源系统中存在的多种分布式系统进行了共性需求分析,针对分布式系统的工程技术特点,提出了一种基于点对点通信的新型分布式实时控制技术,通过点对点报文通信的方式实现了模拟量及开关量采集模块、出口控制模块和主处理器模块等环节的实时控制,满足了分布式系统对分散单元协同控制的工程应用需求。文中基于两种成熟的工业通信协议,针对两类分布式控制装置采用现场可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA)对此技术进行了实现,并对装置进行了详细的测试与分析。两类典型装置已经在工程现场得到了试运行与推广,取得了良好的工程应用效果。     

电力系统动态消息编码技术

为方便通信双方在未协商通信内容情况下动态、高效地交换模型和数据,提出了电力系统动态消息编码技术。该编码技术采用二进制自描述方式描述大型电力系统模型和数据,共有四种编码方式:M0用于兼容抽象语法标记(ASN.1);M1在ASN.1的基础上加入名字选项,用于少量数据的结构化描述;M2扩展编码头部,编码效率高;M3扩展编码头部,描述类信息。实际使用中,首次通信时使用M3发送类型和结构信息,其后通信使用M2发送数据;当类型和结构发生变化时,再次发送类型和结构信息,有效地解决了数据量和维护的矛盾问题。     

基于电力调度工作流构建运行管理的互联互通框架

在智能电网调度控制系统整体框架下,以电力调度工作流作为流程描述规范,E语言文件作为数据交互载体,消息邮件作为数据交互工具,以调控运行管理需求为导向,设计研发运行管理系统的横纵向多级立体式互联互通框架。应用所述框架,实现调控机构纵向业务流程贯通和跨安全区的横向业务融合,从而实现业务流程完整的、闭环的一体化运作,并且实现与大检修管理系统的横向数据共享。     

功率计划在特高压直流输电工程中的传输和实现

特高压直流输电工程直流输送功率按调度编制的日功率计划曲线运行,功率计划的下发和执行直接影响到直流系统的稳定运行。在深入研究104/101远动规约及特高压直流输电工程应用的基础上,对直流工程远动系统及自动化监控系统SCADA进行了功能扩展,在远动系统中实现了基于IEC60870-5-104/101的功率计划的调度实时远传、接收、解析、显示及存储。在自动化监控系统SCADA中实现了自动功率控制功能,向直流工程控制系统下发功率计划值,具备较高的实时性和可靠性。功率计划的实时传输和自动功率控制的实现能够有效地提高电网调度部门及换流站运行人员的工作效率,对进一步提高电网安全运行水平具有重要意义。     

Lactoperoxidase-mediated degradation of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of pulmonary surfactant

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may elicit inflammatory responses following pulmonary exposure. Conversely, enzymatic biodegradation of CNTs by inflammatory cells has also been reported. The aim of this study was to study the degradation of oxidized single-walled CNTs (ox-SWCNTs) by lactoperoxidase (LPO), a secreted peroxidase present in the airways, and whether pulmonary surfactant affects this biodegradation. To this end, ox-SWCNTs were incubated in vitro with recombinant bovine LPO + H₂O₂ + NaSCN in the presence and absence of porcine lung surfactant (Curosurf®) and biodegradation was monitored using UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The interaction of recombinant LPO with bundles of ox-SWCNTs was confirmed by atomic force microscopy. Cell-free biodegradation of ox-SWCNTs was also observed ex vivo in murine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the presence of H₂O₂ + NaSCN. Our study provides evidence for biodegradation of ox-SWCNTs with a lung surfactant ‘bio-corona’ and expands the repertoire of mammalian peroxidases capable of biodegradation of ox-SWCNTs. These findings are relevant to inhalation exposure to these materials, as LPO serves as an important component of the airway defense system.     

Preparation and studies of transparent conductive monolayers of multiwall carbon nanotubes on quartz and flexible polymer with the use of modified Langmuir technique

An improved Langmuir method is described and applied to produce transparent, conductive and flexible single layer of multiwall carbon nanotubes. This paper presents properties of multiwall carbon nanotubes spread on water subphase and in a form of Langmuir–Schaefer layers on a quartz plate and on flexible polymeric foil. The results show very high homogeneity of the monolayers on a very large area obtained with the use of the proposed modified Langmuir method and indicate their relatively high radiation transmission and electrical conductivity. Laser scanning confocal and scanning electron microscopic images of the layers are presented. The microscopic visualization of the nanolayers is supported by spectroscopic studies (transmittance, photoacoustics) in the range from ultraviolet to mid-infrared. Moreover, electric measurements (current versus voltage characteristics) of the carbon material on the polymeric foil are presented.The obtained results of the investigated multiwall carbon nanotubes are discussed in a view of potential application in optoelectronics.     

Isolation of recombinant antibody fragments (scFv) by phage display technology for detection of almond allergens in food products

Tree nut allergies are considered an important health issue in developed countries. To comply with the regulations on food labeling, reliable allergen detection methods are required. In this work we isolated almond-specific recombinant antibody fragments (scFv) from a commercial phage display library bypassing the use of live animals, hence being consistent with the latest policies on animal welfare. To this end an iterative selection procedure employing the Tomlinson I phage display library and a crude almond protein extract was carried out. Two different almond-specific scFv (named PD1F6 and PD2C9) were isolated after two rounds of biopanning, and an indirect phage ELISA was implemented to detect the presence of almond protein in foodstuffs. The isolated scFvs demonstrated to be highly specific and allowed detection of 40 ng mL⁻¹ and 100 ng mL⁻¹ of raw and roasted almond protein, respectively. The practical detection limit of the assay in almond spiked food products was 0.1 mg g⁻¹ (110–120 ppm). The developed indirect phage ELISA was validated by analysis of 92 commercial food products, showing good correlation with the results obtained by a previously developed real-time PCR method for the detection of almond in foodstuffs. The selected phage clones can be affinity maturated to improve their sensitivity and genetically engineered to be employed in different assay formats.     

Damage and permeability in tape-laid thermoplastic composite cryogenic tanks

This work presents a combined experimental and numerical approach to the design and analysis of tape-laid thermoplastic composite cryogenic tanks. A detailed material and defect characterisation of automated tape-laid CF/PEEK is undertaken using optical micrography and 3D X-ray CT (computed tomography) as well as cryogenic testing to investigate damage formation. Resulting material data is used as input for a novel XFEM (extended finite element method)–cohesive zone methodology which is used to predict intra- and inter-ply damage in an internally pressurised cryogenic tank. An optimised tank lay-up is presented and analysed using the numerical method to ensure resistance to microcrack formation and fuel leakage through the tank walls under operating loads.     

外军战术数据链发展趋势分析

战术数据链是提升体系化联合作战能力的关键,文中在介绍了美军及北约战术数据链Link-4、Link-11、[JP]Link-16发展现状的基础上,重点对统一消息标准、动态网络管理、通用链路集成处理、通用化方向演进等发展趋势进行了详细分析,并对我军战术数据链发展提出了良好的建议。